Overview
Exploratory testing is a hands-on approach in manual testing where testers actively engage with the software to uncover defects that may not be found using traditional test cases. It is guided by the tester's experience, intuition, and creativity rather than pre-written test cases. This approach is crucial for identifying unpredictable issues and providing quick feedback on the software's functionality and user experience.
Key Concepts
- Ad-hoc Testing: Exploratory testing is often confused with ad-hoc testing, but while both are informal, exploratory testing is more structured and focuses on learning and adapting.
- Session-based Testing: A structured form of exploratory testing where testing is done in uninterrupted sessions, and detailed reports are prepared.
- Charter: A mission or objective for the exploratory testing session, guiding the tester on what to focus on during the testing process.
Common Interview Questions
Basic Level
- What is exploratory testing and how does it differ from scripted testing?
- Can exploratory testing be documented, and if so, how?
Intermediate Level
- How does exploratory testing fit into Agile or DevOps methodologies?
Advanced Level
- Explain the role of session-based test management (SBTM) in exploratory testing.
Detailed Answers
1. What is exploratory testing and how does it differ from scripted testing?
Answer: Exploratory testing is a manual testing technique that involves simultaneous learning, test design, and test execution. Unlike scripted testing, which follows pre-defined test cases, exploratory testing relies on the tester's intuition, experience, and creativity to guide the testing process. This approach allows for more flexibility and adaptability, enabling testers to uncover issues that scripted testing might miss.
Key Points:
- Exploratory testing is less structured and more adaptable than scripted testing.
- It is driven by the tester's curiosity and intuition.
- Exploratory testing can uncover unique and unpredictable bugs.
Example:
// Exploratory testing doesn't typically involve code examples as it's a manual testing process.
// However, understanding the concept can be applied in various testing scenarios, including software development:
// Scripted Testing example (for contrast):
// Define a specific test case:
// Test Case: Verify login functionality with valid credentials.
// Exploratory Testing approach:
// A tester might start testing the login functionality but decides to explore different combinations of inputs, password recovery options, or how the system reacts to rapid, repeated login attempts to uncover potential security or usability issues not covered by the initial test case.
2. Can exploratory testing be documented, and if so, how?
Answer: Yes, exploratory testing can and should be documented to track what was tested, any findings, and insights gained during the testing session. Documentation can take the form of session sheets, testing charters, notes, or annotated screenshots. The key is to capture enough detail to provide value without hindering the exploratory nature of the testing.
Key Points:
- Documentation should be lightweight but sufficient to capture key findings.
- Tools like note-taking apps, screen recording, or issue trackers can be used.
- Documentation helps in sharing insights with the team and for future reference.
Example:
// Example of documenting an exploratory testing session (conceptual):
/* Session Charter: Explore the new user registration process for potential security vulnerabilities.
Notes:
- Attempted SQL injection in the username field; the system correctly sanitized input.
- Found a way to bypass email verification by intercepting the confirmation request.
- The password strength meter does not respond to common passwords listed in recent data breaches.
Conclusion: While input sanitation is robust, email verification can be compromised, and password strength criteria need improvement.
*/
3. How does exploratory testing fit into Agile or DevOps methodologies?
Answer: Exploratory testing is highly compatible with Agile and DevOps due to its flexible and adaptive nature. In Agile, it can be incorporated into sprints as part of continuous testing, allowing rapid feedback and iteration. In DevOps, it complements automated testing by providing human insights into usability, security, and unexpected behavior, enhancing continuous delivery pipelines with manual testing expertise.
Key Points:
- Enhances Agile sprints with rapid, feedback-driven testing cycles.
- Complements automated testing in DevOps for a more holistic testing strategy.
- Encourages a culture of quality and continuous improvement.
Example:
// No direct code example due to the manual nature of exploratory testing.
// Conceptual application in Agile/DevOps:
/* During a sprint review, the testing team presents findings from an exploratory testing session focusing on a newly developed feature. They highlight a critical usability issue that automated tests did not catch. The team decides to prioritize fixing this issue in the next sprint, demonstrating the value of integrating exploratory testing into the Agile process. */
4. Explain the role of session-based test management (SBTM) in exploratory testing.
Answer: Session-based test management (SBTM) provides a framework for managing and documenting exploratory testing. It structures exploratory testing into timed sessions with specific goals (charters), making the process more measurable and accountable. SBTM helps in tracking the effort, coverage, and findings of exploratory testing, allowing better integration into formal test plans and improving the overall effectiveness of testing strategies.
Key Points:
- SBTM adds structure to exploratory testing without compromising its flexibility.
- It helps in measuring the effectiveness and coverage of exploratory testing.
- Facilitates better reporting and accountability of testing efforts.
Example:
// Example of SBTM process outline (conceptual):
/* Charter: Investigate the checkout process for potential race conditions when applying discount codes.
Session duration: 1 hour
Tester: John Doe
Start time: 10:00 AM
End time: 11:00 AM
Notes:
- Discovered a race condition that allows double application of a discount under high network latency.
- Observed inconsistent error messaging when applying expired codes.
Conclusion: The session uncovered a critical issue affecting the checkout process's integrity and identified areas for improving error feedback to users.
*/
This structured approach to documenting exploratory testing provides actionable insights and enhances the quality assurance process within development cycles.
