Q1: 1. What is the primary function of a compiler in programming languages?

• A) Debugging code
• B) Converting source code to machine code
• C) Optimizing program performance
• D) Writing documentation

Q2: 2. Which phase of the compiler translates high-level programming language code into an intermediate representation?

• A) Lexical analysis
• B) Syntax analysis
• C) Semantic analysis
• D) Code generation

Q3: 3. Which data structure is commonly used in the implementation of lexical analyzers in compilers?

• A) Queue
• B) Stack
• C) Hash table
• D) Tree

Q4: 4. What is the purpose of semantic analysis in compiler design?

• A) Identify syntax errors
• B) Generate optimized code
• C) Check for type compatibility
• D) Translate source code to intermediate code

Q5: 5. Which phase of the compiler is responsible for detecting and reporting errors in the source code?

• A) Lexical analysis
• B) Syntax analysis
• C) Semantic analysis
• D) Code generation

Q6: 6. In compiler design, what is the role of a symbol table?

• A) Store intermediate code
• B) Manage memory allocation
• C) Keep track of identifiers and their attributes
• D) Perform code optimization

Q7: 7. Which phase of the compiler is responsible for generating optimized machine code?

• A) Lexical analysis
• B) Syntax analysis
• C) Code optimization
• D) Code generation

Q8: 8. What is the purpose of a parser in compiler design?

• A) Convert source code into tokens
• B) Generate intermediate code
• C) Check syntax and build parse tree
• D) Translate machine code to assembly code

Q9: 9. Which phase of the compiler is responsible for transforming the parse tree into machine code?

• A) Lexical analysis
• B) Syntax analysis
• C) Semantic analysis
• D) Code generation

Q10: 10. Why is lexical analysis the first phase of a compiler?

• A) To generate intermediate code
• B) To identify tokens in the source code
• C) To perform type checking
• D) To optimize program performance

Q11: 11. Which algorithm is commonly used for generating machine-independent code in compilers?

• A) Depth-first search
• B) Breadth-first search
• C) Directed Acyclic Graph
• D) Bellman-Ford algorithm

Q12: 12. What is the primary goal of code optimization in compiler design?

• A) Reduce compilation time
• B) Improve program efficiency
• C) Generate intermediate code
• D) Perform syntax analysis

Q13: 13. How does a compiler handle the situation when a variable is declared but not used in the program?

• A) Generates a warning
• B) Ignores the declaration
• C) Reports an error
• D) Optimizes the code

Q14: 14. Which technique is used for constant folding optimization in compilers?

• A) Loop unrolling
• B) Dead code elimination
• C) Strength reduction
• D) Arithmetic simplification

Q15: 15. In a real-life scenario, how can the compiler optimize code to reduce memory usage?

• A) Reordering function calls
• B) Removing unreachable code
• C) Inlining small functions
• D) Introducing loop unrolling

Q16: 16. What is the purpose of register allocation in compiler optimization?

• A) Minimize the use of global variables
• B) Reduce the number of machine instructions
• C) Perform constant folding
• D) Optimize cache memory usage

Q17: 17. Which phase of the compiler is responsible for checking the compatibility of data types in expressions?

• A) Lexical analysis
• B) Syntax analysis
• C) Semantic analysis
• D) Code generation

Q18: 18. How can a compiler optimize code by reusing previously calculated results?

• A) Loop unrolling
• B) Common subexpression elimination
• C) Inlining functions
• D) Dead code elimination

Q19: 19. In the context of compiler design, what is the role of a lexer?

• A) Generate intermediate code
• B) Perform syntax analysis
• C) Convert characters into tokens
• D) Optimize machine code

Q20: 20. Which phase of the compiler is responsible for generating the final executable code?

• A) Lexical analysis
• B) Semantic analysis
• C) Code generation
• D) Code optimization

Q21: 21. How can a compiler improve program performance through loop optimization?

• A) Introducing loop unrolling
• B) Performing constant folding
• C) Inlining functions
• D) Reordering function calls

Q22: 22. What is the purpose of intermediate code generation in compiler design?

• A) Translate source code to assembly code
• B) Perform semantic analysis
• C) Simplify program logic
• D) Enable machine-independent optimization

Q23: 23. In a real-life scenario, when can a compiler utilize peephole optimization techniques?

• A) Minimizing the number of function calls
• B) Eliminating redundant instructions
• C) Optimizing memory allocation
• D) Resolving type conflicts

Q24: 24. How does a compiler handle the situation when a variable is used without being declared in the program?

• A) Generates a warning
• B) Ignores the usage
• C) Reports an error
• D) Performs type inference

Q25: 25. Which phase of the compiler is responsible for transforming the intermediate representation into target machine code?

• A) Lexical analysis
• B) Syntax analysis
• C) Code optimization
• D) Code generation