Q1: 1. What is the primary pigment responsible for capturing light energy during photosynthesis in higher plants?

• A) Chlorophyll a
• B) Chlorophyll b
• C) Carotenoids
• D) Xanthophylls

Q2: 2. Which of the following is not a product of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• A) Oxygen
• B) ATP
• C) NADPH
• D) Glucose

Q3: 3. Where does the light-independent (Calvin cycle) reactions of photosynthesis take place in higher plants?

• A) Thylakoid membrane
• B) Stroma of chloroplast
• C) Granum
• D) Thylakoid lumen

Q4: 4. In the process of photosynthesis, water molecules are split into oxygen, protons, and electrons during which stage?

• A) Light-dependent reactions
• B) Calvin cycle
• C) Photorespiration
• D) Glycolysis

Q5: 5. What is the function of NADPH in the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis?

• A) To capture light energy
• B) To produce ATP
• C) To reduce carbon dioxide
• D) To release oxygen

Q6: 6. Which of the following factors directly affects the rate of photosynthesis in plants?

• A) Temperature
• B) Soil pH
• C) Humidity
• D) Wind speed

Q7: 7. What is the primary source of carbon for the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

• A) Carbon dioxide
• B) Glucose
• C) Water
• D) Oxygen

Q8: 8. Which organelle is primarily responsible for photosynthesis in higher plants?

• A) Mitochondria
• B) Golgi apparatus
• C) Chloroplast
• D) Endoplasmic reticulum

Q9: 9. In the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis, where is the energy from sunlight captured and converted into chemical energy?

• A) Stroma
• B) Thylakoid membrane
• C) Cytoplasm
• D) Cell membrane

Q10: 10. What is the function of Rubisco in the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis?

• A) Carbon fixation
• B) ATP synthesis
• C) NADPH production
• D) Oxygen release

Q11: 11. Which of the following pigments is responsible for protecting plants from excessive light energy in photosynthesis?

• A) Chlorophyll a
• B) Chlorophyll b
• C) Carotenoids
• D) Xanthophylls

Q12: 12. What is the purpose of the electron transport chain in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• A) To produce ATP
• B) To split water molecules
• C) To generate NADPH
• D) To convert light energy into chemical energy

Q13: 13. Which of the following is a reactant in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• A) Carbon dioxide
• B) Water
• C) Glucose
• D) Oxygen

Q14: 14. What is the role of ATP synthase in the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• A) To split water molecules
• B) To generate ATP
• C) To produce oxygen
• D) To reduce NADP+

Q15: 15. Which of the following is a byproduct of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

• A) Carbon dioxide
• B) Glucose
• C) Oxygen
• D) Water

Q16: 16. What is the ultimate goal of photosynthesis in higher plants?

• A) To produce oxygen
• B) To generate glucose
• C) To release carbon dioxide
• D) To increase water uptake

Q17: 17. During the Calvin cycle of photosynthesis, what molecule is used to reduce carbon dioxide and produce glucose?

• A) NADPH
• B) ATP
• C) Oxygen
• D) Water

Q18: 18. Which of the following is true about the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration in plants?

• A) They occur in the same organelle
• B) They have opposite chemical reactions
• C) They both require light energy
• D) They produce the same end products

Q19: 19. What happens to the oxygen molecules produced during photosynthesis in higher plants?

• A) They are released into the atmosphere
• B) They are used for respiration
• C) They are converted into glucose
• D) They are stored in vacuoles

Q20: 20. How does the structure of the chloroplast contribute to the efficiency of photosynthesis in higher plants?

• A) By maximizing light absorption
• B) By storing excess glucose
• C) By regulating water uptake
• D) By facilitating gas exchange

Q21: 21. Which environmental factor can directly affect the rate of photosynthesis in plants?

• A) Carbon monoxide levels
• B) Soil salinity
• C) Air pressure
• D) Light intensity

Q22: 22. What is the significance of photosynthesis in the food chain?

• A) It provides energy to consumers
• B) It breaks down organic matter
• C) It regulates water balance
• D) It produces oxygen for decomposers

Q23: 23. How do C4 plants differ from C3 plants in terms of photosynthesis?

• A) C4 plants fix carbon dioxide in the mesophyll cells
• B) C4 plants require more water for photosynthesis
• C) C4 plants have a higher photosynthetic rate in low light conditions
• D) C4 plants do not undergo photorespiration

Q24: 24. What is the role of stomata in photosynthesis?

• A) To regulate water loss
• B) To store glucose
• C) To absorb nutrients
• D) To produce oxygen

Q25: 25. How does the process of photosynthesis contribute to the carbon cycle on Earth?

• A) By sequestering carbon in plant tissues
• B) By releasing carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
• C) By converting carbon into glucose
• D) By consuming carbon from fossil fuels