Q1: 1. Which layer of the OSI model does TCP operate at?

• A) Data Link Layer
• B) Network Layer
• C) Transport Layer
• D) Application Layer

Q2: 2. What is the purpose of the three-way handshake in TCP?

• A) To establish a secure connection
• B) To synchronize sequence numbers
• C) To exchange data
• D) To terminate the connection

Q3: 3. Which field in the TCP header is used for flow control?

• A) Acknowledgment Number
• B) Window Size
• C) Sequence Number
• D) Checksum

Q4: 4. What action does a TCP sender take upon receiving duplicate ACKs?

• A) Increase congestion window
• B) Fast retransmit
• C) Slow start
• D) Terminate the connection

Q5: 5. In TCP, what mechanism is used to ensure reliable data delivery?

• A) Checksum
• B) Acknowledgments
• C) Window Scaling
• D) Three-way handshake

Q6: 6. What is the maximum segment size (MSS) value used in TCP negotiation?

• A) 512 bytes
• B) 1024 bytes
• C) 1460 bytes
• D) 2048 bytes

Q7: 7. Which TCP flag is set to request the connection termination?

• A) SYN
• B) ACK
• C) FIN
• D) RST

Q8: 8. What congestion control algorithm is commonly used in TCP?

• A) Slow Start
• B) Round Trip Time (RTT)
• C) Leaky Bucket
• D) Token Bucket

Q9: 9. Which field in the TCP header is used for error detection?

• A) Sequence Number
• B) Acknowledgment Number
• C) Checksum
• D) Window Size

Q10: 10. When does TCP perform congestion avoidance?

• A) After three duplicate ACKs
• B) After a timeout
• C) During slow start phase
• D) During the steady-state phase

Q11: 11. What is the purpose of the urgent pointer field in the TCP header?

• A) To indicate the end of urgent data
• B) To request immediate acknowledgment
• C) To specify urgent data within a segment
• D) To identify out-of-band data

Q12: 12. Which mechanism is used in TCP to handle out-of-order segments?

• A) Selective Acknowledgment (SACK)
• B) Fast Retransmit
• C) Sliding Window
• D) Flow Control

Q13: 13. What is the purpose of the sequence number in the TCP header?

• A) To identify the order of packets
• B) To acknowledge received data
• C) To detect errors in the data
• D) To control flow of data

Q14: 14. Which TCP option is used for timestamping?

• A) Window Scale
• B) SACK Permitted
• C) Timestamps
• D) Selective Acknowledgment

Q15: 15. What is the purpose of the acknowledgment number in the TCP header?

• A) To identify the sender
• B) To acknowledge the receipt of data
• C) To track the congestion window size
• D) To specify the window size

Q16: 16. Which TCP flag is used in the initial connection setup?

• A) ACK
• B) SYN
• C) PSH
• D) URG

Q17: 17. How does TCP handle congestion control in case of packet loss?

• A) Increase window size
• B) Decrease window size
• C) Perform fast retransmit
• D) Terminate the connection

Q18: 18. What is the purpose of the window size in TCP?

• A) To indicate the segment size
• B) To control the flow of data
• C) To specify the maximum segment size
• D) To identify the sender

Q19: 19. Which field in the TCP header is used to flag urgent data?

• A) Checksum
• B) Urgent Pointer
• C) Flags
• D) Window Size

Q20: 20. What is the role of the TCP checksum field?

• A) Error correction
• B) Flow control
• C) Error detection
• D) Congestion control

Q21: 21. How does TCP handle retransmission timeout?

• A) Increase window size
• B) Restart the connection
• C) Retransmit the unacknowledged segments
• D) Decrease window size

Q22: 22. What TCP mechanism is used to prevent congestion collapse?

• A) Slow Start
• B) Fast Recovery
• C) Congestion Avoidance
• D) Congestion Control

Q23: 23. Which field in the TCP header is used to indicate the length of the TCP header?

• A) Options
• B) Data Offset
• C) Checksum
• D) Urgent Pointer

Q24: 24. In TCP, what is the purpose of the SYN-ACK packet during connection establishment?

• A) Request to close the connection
• B) Acknowledge the received data
• C) Acknowledge the connection request
• D) Request to retransmit lost data

Q25: 25. What is the primary function of the acknowledgment mechanism in TCP?

• A) To synchronize clocks between sender and receiver
• B) To request data retransmission
• C) To acknowledge successful data delivery
• D) To establish a secure connection