Q1: 1. Which of the following best describes the First Law of Thermodynamics?

• A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• B) Energy always flows from hot to cold objects
• C) Entropy of a system always increases
• D) Heat transfer is independent of the path taken

Q2: 2. What is entropy a measure of in a system?

• A) Disorder
• B) Temperature
• C) Pressure
• D) Volume

Q3: 3. Which of the following processes is an example of an isothermal process?

• A) Boiling water
• B) Compressing a gas slowly
• C) Burning wood
• D) Melting ice

Q4: 5. In which process does the internal energy of the system remain constant?

• A) Adiabatic
• B) Isochoric
• C) Isobaric
• D) Isothermal

Q5: 6. What is the standard unit of measurement for enthalpy?

• A) Joule
• B) Pascal
• C) Kelvin
• D) Watt

Q6: 7. Which of the following statements is true regarding the Second Law of Thermodynamics?

• A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• B) Heat always flows from cold to hot objects
• C) Entropy of a system always decreases
• D) Heat engines have a maximum efficiency

Q7: 8. A system undergoes an adiabatic process. What can be said about the heat exchange during this process?

• A) No heat is exchanged
• B) Heat is absorbed from the surroundings
• C) Heat is released to the surroundings
• D) Heat exchange is dependent on pressure

Q8: 9. Which property of a system is determined solely by its temperature and not its pressure or volume?

• A) Internal energy
• B) Enthalpy
• C) Entropy
• D) Specific heat capacity

Q9: 11. What is the relationship between Gibbs free energy and spontaneity in a process?

• A) ΔG < 0, process is spontaneous
• B) ΔG = 0, process is spontaneous
• C) ΔG > 0, process is spontaneous
• D) ΔG = ΔH - TΔS

Q10: 12. Which of the following is a state function?

• A) Heat
• B) Work
• C) Enthalpy
• D) Entropy

Q11: 13. The Third Law of Thermodynamics states that

• A) Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• B) Entropy of a perfect crystal at absolute zero is zero
• C) Heat always flows from hot to cold objects
• D) Enthalpy change is independent of the path taken

Q12: 14. What is the relationship between internal energy, heat, and work in a system?

• A) ΔU = Q + W
• B) ΔU = Q - W
• C) Q = U + W
• D) W = Q - U

Q13: 15. Which of the following processes is an example of an isobaric process?

• A) Heating a gas in a closed container
• B) Cooling a liquid in an open container
• C) Compressing a gas in a cylinder with a movable piston
• D) Boiling water at constant pressure

Q14: 16. The Clausius statement of the Second Law of Thermodynamics states that

• A) It is impossible to reach absolute zero
• B) Energy cannot be created or destroyed
• C) Heat cannot spontaneously flow from a colder object to a hotter object
• D) Entropy of a system always increases

Q15: 17. Which of the following is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system?

• A) Temperature
• B) Pressure
• C) Enthalpy
• D) Entropy

Q16: 18. The enthalpy change for a chemical reaction can be determined by

• A) ΔH = ΔU + PΔV
• B) ΔH = Q + W
• C) ΔH = Hfinal - Hinitial
• D) ΔH = CΔT

Q17: 19. What is the standard state of a substance in thermodynamics?

• A) The most stable state at any given temperature
• B) The state of the substance at 0°C and 1 atm pressure
• C) The state with the highest entropy
• D) The state with the lowest enthalpy

Q18: 20. Which of the following statements is true about an exothermic reaction?

• A) Heat is absorbed from the surroundings
• B) The system gains heat
• C) The enthalpy change is positive
• D) Heat is released to the surroundings

Q19: 21. The efficiency of a Carnot engine is dependent on

• A) The type of fuel used
• B) The temperature of the hot and cold reservoirs
• C) The volume of the engine
• D) The pressure of the working substance

Q20: 22. Which of the following is a measure of the heat content of a system at constant pressure?

• A) Internal energy
• B) Enthalpy
• C) Entropy
• D) Gibbs free energy

Q21: 23. In a reversible process, the entropy change of the system is

• A) Zero
• B) Positive
• C) Negative
• D) Dependent on the temperature

Q22: 24. The heat capacity of a substance is a measure of its

• A) Ability to do work
• B) Ability to conduct heat
• C) Ability to absorb heat without a significant temperature change
• D) Ability to change phase

Q23: 25. Which of the following statements is true regarding the relationship between work and heat in a system?

• A) Work is a form of heat transfer
• B) Heat is a form of work transfer
• C) Work and heat are both forms of energy transfer
• D) Work and heat are mutually exclusive