Q1: 1. What is a thread in an operating system?

• A) A program counter
• B) A lightweight process
• C) A memory address
• D) A system call

Q2: 2. What is the purpose of system calls in operating systems?

• A) To execute user programs
• B) To interact with hardware
• C) To manage memory
• D) To schedule threads

Q3: 3. Which of the following is NOT a type of thread scheduling?

• A) Round-robin
• B) First-come, first-served
• C) Priority-based
• D) Deadline-based

Q4: 4. What is a benefit of using threads in an operating system?

• A) Increased parallelism
• B) Reduced memory usage
• C) Faster boot times
• D) Improved graphical performance

Q5: 5. Which system call is used to create a new thread in an operating system?

• A) fork()
• B) exec()
• C) pthread_create()
• D) wait()

Q6: 6. What is the purpose of the fork() system call in operating systems?

• A) To execute a new program
• B) To terminate a process
• C) To create a new process
• D) To wait for a child process

Q7: 7. Which system call is used to terminate a thread in an operating system?

• A) exit()
• B) join()
• C) pthread_exit()
• D) kill()

Q8: 8. In a multi-threaded environment, what is a critical section?

• A) A section of code that must be executed by a single thread at a time
• B) A section of code that can be executed by multiple threads simultaneously
• C) A section of code responsible for thread synchronization
• D) A section of code that should never be executed

Q9: 9. Which synchronization mechanism is used to prevent race conditions in multi-threaded programs?

• A) Mutex
• B) Semaphore
• C) Barrier
• D) Lock

Q10: 10. What is the purpose of a semaphore in operating systems?

• A) To lock a critical section
• B) To signal between threads
• C) To create a new process
• D) To terminate a thread

Q11: 11. Which system call is used to wait for a child process to terminate in an operating system?

• A) fork()
• B) exec()
• C) wait()
• D) exit()

Q12: 12. What is a deadlock in operating systems?

• A) A situation where two or more threads are waiting indefinitely for each other to release resources
• B) A situation where a thread is terminated unexpectedly
• C) A situation where a thread consumes too much memory
• D) A situation where a thread exceeds its time quantum

Q13: 13. Which scheduling algorithm is used to assign CPU time to threads in a round-robin fashion?

• A) First-come, first-served
• B) Shortest Job Next
• C) Round-robin
• D) Priority-based

Q14: 14. What is the purpose of the yield() system call in operating systems?

• A) To yield the CPU to other threads
• B) To terminate the current thread
• C) To wait for a child process to finish
• D) To create a new thread

Q15: 15. In a priority-based scheduling algorithm, which thread gets executed first?

• A) The thread with the lowest priority
• B) The thread with the highest priority
• C) The thread with the longest execution time
• D) The thread with the shortest execution time

Q16: 16. What is the purpose of the exec() system call in operating systems?

• A) To create a new process
• B) To terminate the current process
• C) To execute a new program in the current process
• D) To wait for a child process to finish

Q17: 17. Which system call is used to release resources associated with a thread in an operating system?

• A) exit()
• B) free()
• C) pthread_exit()
• D) destroy()

Q18: 18. What is the purpose of a barrier in operating systems?

• A) To synchronize threads at a specific point
• B) To prevent deadlocks
• C) To allocate CPU time to threads
• D) To manage memory allocation

Q19: 19. Which system call is used to kill a thread in an operating system?

• A) exit()
• B) terminate()
• C) pthread_kill()
• D) destroy()

Q20: 20. What is the purpose of the join() system call in operating systems?

• A) To create a new thread
• B) To wait for a child process to finish
• C) To terminate a thread
• D) To synchronize threads

Q21: 21. In a multi-threaded application, what is thread synchronization used for?

• A) To prevent buffer overflow
• B) To manage memory allocation
• C) To coordinate the execution of threads
• D) To improve disk I/O performance

Q22: 22. What is the purpose of the kill() system call in operating systems?

• A) To terminate a process
• B) To create a new process
• C) To allocate CPU time to threads
• D) To release resources

Q23: 23. Which system call is used to allocate memory for a new thread in an operating system?

• A) malloc()
• B) calloc()
• C) allocate()
• D) pthread_create()

Q24: 24. What is a race condition in a multi-threaded program?

• A) A situation where threads compete to finish a task first
• B) A situation where threads deadlock due to resource conflicts
• C) A situation where the order of thread execution affects the program's outcome
• D) A situation where threads access shared data concurrently leading to unexpected results

Q25: 25. Which system call is used to change the priority of a thread in an operating system?

• A) setpriority()
• B) changepriority()
• C) pthread_priority()
• D) adjustpriority()